The term PC arcade game refers to games that have similar play types as arcade games but are designed to run on a personal computer. Even before the invention of video games, coin-operated games were nothing new.
One ancestor of the modern video game was the pinball machine, which itself descended from earlier tabletop games involving balls, such as bagatelle. The earliest pinball machines debuted during the s. As advances were made in the field of electronics, they were incorporated into pinball games, which were facing competition from a new, similar form of entertainment: the arcade video game.
Somewhat ironically, considering how often arcade games would be translated to PCs, the first coin-operated video game was based on an early computer game. Galaxy Game was a coin-operated version of Spacewar! Galaxy Game first appeared at the student union of Stanford University in It remained a popular attraction at Stanford for the rest of the decade. Computer Space's creators later went on to found Atari, which, in , changed the world of gaming forever with the release of Pong.
Although extremely simple—just an electronic version of ping-pong, originally designed as a training exercise—Pong became wildly popular with the American public. Other companies quickly copied Pong, and the video game industry as we know it today was born.
The late s and early s were a golden age for arcade games. Most featured relatively simple, but also fun and addictive, gameplay; Donkey Kong was more complicated and featured cutscenes that advanced the plot.
Video arcades, with a vast array of different arcade games offered in one place, began to appear, and businesses such as Chuck E. As all this was happening, the home video game market also began to take shape. It was not long before gaming companies began offering their arcade games for sale to those who wanted to play privately. A home version of Pong was released in It was not a computer game but required its own console.
With the birth of the Atari and the Nintendo Entertainment System, the availability of arcade games at home increased. The Atari version of Space Invaders was the first example of an officially licensed arcade game and led to a major boom in the console's sales.
At the same time, the personal computer became increasingly popular as a platform for gaming. Naturally, then, arcade games soon found themselves ported onto these as well. As the console industry went into a temporary but dramatic decline in the mids, the use of computers to play games, including arcade games, rose.
As computers and consoles became more popular, the video arcade faded. The increasing sophistication of home systems, as well as their convenience, began to outstrip the advantages of the video arcade. Nonetheless, there were some late arcade game hits, such as Street Fighter and Mortal Kombat and their sequels, and two similar beat-em-up games based on Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and The Simpsons Merry Frog.
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